Novelis and Beiersdorf now produce the Nivea Creme tin with 95 per cent recycled aluminium, lowering the carbon footprint of the packaging.

Prices of recycled commodities such as metal scrap, plastics, aggregates, paper and cardboard have dropped significantly, yet the cost of processing recyclables has remained steady or even risen due to the higher prices of fuel raw materials.

The transformation to a circular economy requires enormous investments in energy-efficient processes, sustainable production systems and new business models.

Residual waste sorting is becoming an increasingly important element of modern resource management.

The RE-CELL research project is developing structural batteries from recycled carbon fibre for use in the aviation industry.

The building sector accounts for more than half of Germany's waste and at the same time binds enor-mous quantities of mineral and metallic raw materials.

Energy-intensive industries are at the heart of European climate, environmental and industrial policy.

The transition towards a circular economy is accelerating the development of recycling technologies capable of recovering materials that remain outside conventional mechanical recycling schemes.

The Endfouling project is investigating how organic waste generated in ports can be converted into bio-based additives that help prevent marine biofouling on ships and other submerged structures.

The discussion paper "A post-2030 climate policy framework fit for reaching the EU climate targets" by the German Environment Agency shows that the European climate protection architecture after 2030 must be made much more precise, coherent and resilient in order to actually achieve the goal of climate neutrality by 2050.